• Different types of Files
  Regular Files
  Directory Files
  Device Files
• Basic Commands
  pwd, logname, who, finger
  Exit, date, cal, uptime , who am i, ls
• Creating Users & Groups
  groupadd, groupdel
  useradd, userdel
• System startup & Shutdown
  Init, halt, shutdown
  Different Run levels
  Different date formats
• Working with files
  cat, touch, rm
  cp, mv
• Working with Directories
  mkdir, cd, rmdir, rm –r
• Standard Input & Output
  Redirecting output
  Redirecting Input
• Comparing Files
  cmp, diff, comm
• Searching files
  find, locate, which
• Zip files
  gzip, gunzip
• Displaying files
  ls, ls options
• Viewing long files
  pg, more, head, tail
• File Permissions
  chmod, chown, chgrp, umask
• Meta/Wild Card-characters
  Class, Anchors
  Repetition, Alteration
  Group, Dot
• Regular Expressions & Patterns
  What is pattern
  Usage of regular expression
  Different types of pattern
  Character pattern
  Word pattern
  Line pattern
• Tools for Filters
  grep, grep with options
• Flat files
  What are delimiters and its types?
  Reading and Writing to files
• Tools for column data
  cut, paste
• Tools for sorting
  Sort by lines, Sort by fields
  Sort with options, uniq
• Changing information in files
  tr, sed
• Piping
  usage of piping
  piping with filters
  tee command
• Communication Tools
  write, wall
  mail, mail with options
• Networking protocols
  telnet, ftp
• Disk status
  du, df with options
• Job control
  Foreground jobs, background jobs
  Killing jobs, nohup
• Process status
  ps , ps with options
• Editor Vi
  3 modes
  Command mode
  Insert mode
  Ex command mode
• What is shell scripting?
  Importance of shell scripting
  Different types of shells
  Creating shell script
  Making shell scripting executable
• Shell input & output
  echo, print, read
• Backslash character constants Variables
  What is variable
  System defined variables
  Environment files
  User defined variables
  Constant variables
  Local & global variables
  Special variables
• Operators
  Arithmetic variables
  Relational numeric operators
  Logical operators
  Assignment operators
• OConditional statements
  if, if….else
  if, elif
  case
• Looping
  while, until, for
  break, continue
• File test commands
• String test commands
• exit and sleep commands
• Command line arguments
  Usage of COA
  What is $0, S#, $*, $@, $? , $$
• ob scheduling
  cron
  at
  batch

• Introduction
  
• Using the Python Interpreter
  Invoking the Interpreter
  Argument Passing 
  Interactive Mode
  The Interpreter and Its Environment
  Error Handling
  Executable Python Scripts
  Source Code Encoding
  The Interactive Startup File
  The Customization Modules
• An Informal Introduction to Python
  Using Python as a Calculator
  Numbers
  Strings
  Unicode Strings
  Lists
  First Steps Towards Programming
• More Control Flow Tools
  if Statements
  for Statements
  The range() Function
  break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops
  pass Statements
  Defining Functions
  More on Defining Functions
  Default Argument Values
  Keyword Arguments
  Arbitrary Argument Lists
  Unpacking Argument Lists
  Lambda Forms
  Documentation Strings
  Intermezzo: Coding Style
• Data Structures
  More on Lists
  Using Lists as Stacks
  Using Lists as Queues
  Functional Programming Tools
  List Comprehensions
  Nested List Comprehensions
  The del statement
  Tuples and Sequences
  Sets
  Dictionaries
  Looping Techniques
  More on Conditions
  Comparing Sequences and Other Types
• Modules
  More on Modules
  Executing modules as scripts
  The Module Search Path
  “Compiled” Python files
  Standard Modules
  The dir() Function
  Packages
  Importing * From a Package
  Intra-package References
  Packages in Multiple Directories
• Input and Output
  Fancier Output Formatting
  Old string formatting
  Reading and Writing Files
  Methods of File Objects
  The pickle Module
• Errors and Exceptions
  Syntax Errors
  Exceptions
  Handling Exceptions
  Raising Exceptions
  User-defined Exceptions
  Defining Clean-up Actions
  Predefined Clean-up Actions
• Classes
  A Word About Names and Objects
  Python Scopes and Namespaces
  A First Look at Classes
  Class Definition Syntax
  Class Objects
  Instance Objects
  Method Objects
  Random Remarks
  Inheritance
  Multiple Inheritance
  Private Variables
  Odds and Ends
  Exceptions Are Classes Too
  Iterators
  Generators
  Generator Expressions
• Standard Library
  Operating System Interface
  File Wildcards
  Command Line Arguments
  Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
  String Pattern Matching
  Mathematics
  Internet Access
  Dates and Times
  Data Compression
  Performance Measurement
  Quality Control
  Batteries Included
• Standard Library – Part II
  Output Formatting
  Templating
  Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
  Multi-threading
  Logging
  Weak References
  Tools for Working with Lists
  Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
• What Now?
  
• Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
  Line Editing
  History Substitution
  Key Bindings
  Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
  
• Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
  Representation Error

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